Implementación de un sistema de alerta de riesgo toxicológico utilizando Daphnia pulex para la evaluación de muestras ambientales

Abstract

The objective of this investigation is the implementation of a system of alert of toxicological risk using a native microcrustacean of the area of the plain of Bogotá, the Daphnia pulex, determining the index of toxicity of environmental samples to obtain a classification of industrial effluent’s that allows to strengthen the mechanisms of quality and environmental control of the entities attributed to the Ministry of the Environment. They were carried out tests of toxicity of effluent’s of tannery industries (I process of weather-beaten with chromium and riverside process), inorganic industry (it plants chlorine-soda), thermoelectric industry (patio of ashy) and industry galvanoplasty (process of galvanoplasty) for the obtaining of the respective CL50 that allows, with the flow of each process, to obtain the toxicological index of the effluent’s and to classify the agreement industries with the toxic load poured to the receiving body (Bogotá river). The obtained toxicity of the effluent’s of the process of weatherbeaten with chromium (CL50-48 of 0,643%), riverside process (CL50-48 of 0,038%), it plants chlorine-soda (CL50-48 of 0,033%), patio of ashy (CL50-48 of 68,461%) and process of galvanoplasty (CL50-48 of 0,060%), it allowed to classify the industries agreement type with their toxic load in worthless (tannery industry), moderate (thermoelectric industry) and considerable (inorganic industries and galvanoplasty). The different obtained classification levels allow to establish that the toxic loads of the effluent’s depend, not alone of the lethal concentration of it discharges but of the flow contributed by the same one. The toxicological Index constitutes a valuable tool, not very expensive and effective for the protection, control, evaluation and non alone classification of industrial effluent’s poured but of bodies of water receivers, allowing to the entities regulators (Ministry of the Environment) the realization of an appropriate territorial classification